What is a possible consequence of a misplaced endotracheal tube?

A misplaced endotracheal tube can indeed lead to unilateral lung inflation, which occurs when the tube enters one of the main bronchi rather than being positioned correctly in the trachea. This situation can result in ventilation of only one lung, leading to inadequate oxygenation and potential atelectasis (collapse) of the non-ventilated lung.

In contrast to the correct answer, improved oxygenation would not occur since only one lung is ventilated effectively. Similarly, prevention of aspiration would not be achieved if the tube is misplaced, as the airway protection mechanism may not function properly. Lastly, there would not be a decrease in airway resistance; rather, the resistance may increase depending on the location of the tube misplacement and any associated complications.

In summary, unilateral lung inflation is a significant risk linked to the improper placement of an endotracheal tube, highlighting the critical need for verification of tube position after intubation.