Basic Knowledge Assessment Test (BKAT) ICU Practice Test

Monitoring respirations is particularly critical in a patient with a cervical spine injury due to the potential for respiratory compromise. Injuries to the cervical spine, especially at higher levels (C3-C5), can lead to impairment of the diaphragm and accessory muscles of respiration, resulting in inadequate ventilation and hypoxia.

The ability to breathe effectively relies heavily on the intact function of the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical spinal segments. If this nerve is damaged due to a spinal injury, the patient may struggle to initiate breaths or maintain effective ventilation. This necessitates vigilant monitoring of respiratory effort, rate, and oxygen saturation to ensure the patient is adequately oxygenated and to detect any signs of respiratory failure early.

In contrast, while blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature are important parameters to monitor in any critically ill patient, they do not carry the same immediate life-threatening implications as respiratory status in the context of a cervical spine injury. Changes in blood pressure can occur due to autonomic dysregulation, heart rate may fluctuate as a response to other injuries or treatments, and temperature can indicate infection or other systemic issues, but respiratory function is often the most directly affected and urgent concern following a cervical spine injury.