What are the signs of respiratory distress in an adult ICU patient?

In an adult ICU patient, the signs of respiratory distress include increased work of breathing, cyanosis, and altered mental status. Increased work of breathing can manifest as labored breathing, use of accessory muscles, and rapid respiratory rate, indicating that the patient is struggling to maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation.

Cyanosis is a direct sign of inadequate oxygenation; it presents as a bluish discoloration of the skin, particularly in the lips and extremities, and indicates that the body is not receiving enough oxygen. Altered mental status, which includes confusion or decreased level of consciousness, can occur due to hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood) affecting cerebral function. Together, these signs provide a clear indication of respiratory distress and the urgency for medical intervention.

The other options listed do not encompass the key indicators of respiratory distress as effectively. For example, hypotension alone without the context of respiratory symptoms does not directly signify respiratory distress, nor does decreased heart rate or a dry cough specifically indicate respiratory issues in this context.