Which heart condition is associated with a prominent systolic murmur at the right sternal border?

A prominent systolic murmur at the right sternal border is most commonly associated with aortic stenosis. This condition occurs when the aortic valve becomes narrowed, leading to an increased pressure gradient across the valve during systole. The murmur typically has a characteristic "crescendo-decrescendo" pattern and is heard best over the right second intercostal space, which is in line with the aortic area.

In aortic stenosis, as the left ventricle contracts, blood is ejected through the narrowed valve into the aorta, creating turbulent blood flow that is heard as a systolic murmur. The positioning of this murmur reflects the anatomy and flow dynamics of the heart, as the turbulent flow is directed towards the right sternal border.

Other heart conditions listed may have systolic murmurs but are characterized differently in terms of location and sound patterns. For instance, aortic regurgitation typically presents with a diastolic murmur rather than systolic, while mitral stenosis usually results in a diastolic murmur associated with a "rumbling" sound due to turbulent flow across the mitral valve. Tricuspid stenosis, though it can produce a murmur during systole, is more